Who was Philip Johnson The First Pritzker Laureate

Philip Johnson was a museum director, writer, and, most notably, an architect known for his unconventional designs. His work embraced many influences, from the neoclassicism of Karl Friedrich Schinkel and to the modernism of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Background Born: July 8, 1906, in Cleveland, Ohio Died: January 25, 2005 Full Name: Philip Cortelyou Johnson Education: 1930: Architectural History, Harvard University1943: Architecture, Harvard University Selected Projects 1949: Glass House, New Canaan, CT1958: Seagram Building (with Mies van der Rohe), New York1962: Kline Science Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT1963: Sheldon Museum of Art, University of Nebraska-Lincoln campus1964: NY State Theater, Lincoln Center, New York1970: JFK Memorial, Dallas, Texas1972: Boston Public Library addition1975: Pennzoil Place, Houston, Texas1980: Crystal Cathedral, Garden Grove, CA1984: ATT Headquarters, New York City1984: Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, Pittsburgh, PA1984: Transco Tower, Houston, TX1986: 53rd at Third (Lipstick Building), New York City1996: Town Hall, Celebration, Florida Important Ideas International StylePostmodernismNeoclassicism Quotes, In the Words of Philip Johnson Create beautiful things. Thats all.Architecture is surely not the design of space, certainly not the massing or organizing of volumes. These are auxiliary to the main point, which is the organization of procession. Architecture exists only in time.Architecture is the art of how to waste space.All architecture is shelter, all great architecture is the design of space that contains, cuddles, exalts, or stimulates the person in that space.Why reinvent the spoon?The only test for architecture is to build a building, go inside and let it wrap itself around you. Related People Le CorbusierWalter GropiusRichard NeutraLudwig Mies van der Rohe More About Philip Johnson After graduation from Harvard in 1930, Philip Johnson became the first Director of the Department of Architecture at the Museum of Modern Art, New York (1932-1934 and 1945-1954). He coined the term International Style and introduced the work of modern European architects such as Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier to America. He would later collaborate with Mies van der Rohe on what is considered the most superb skyscraper in North America, the Seagram Building in New York City (1958). Johnson returned to Harvard University in 1940 to study architecture under Marcel Breuer. For his masters degree thesis, he designed a residence for himself, the now famous Glass House (1949), which has been called one of the worlds most beautiful and yet least functional homes. Philip Johnsons buildings were luxurious in scale and materials, featuring expansive interior space and a classical sense of symmetry and elegance. These same traits epitomized corporate Americas dominant role in world markets in prominent skyscrapers for such leading companies as ATT (1984), Pennzoil (1976) and Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company (1984). In 1979, Philip Johnson was honored with the first Pritzker Architecture Prize in recognition of 50 years of imagination and vitality embodied in a myriad of museums, theaters, libraries, houses, gardens and corporate structures. Learn More Philip Johnsons Contributions To Architecture, commentary by 13 famous architects, New York magazineAcceptance Speech, 1979 Pritzker Architecture Prize, The Hyatt FoundationThe Philip Johnson Tapes: Interviews by Robert A. M. Stern, Monacelli Press, 2008The Architecture of Philip Johnson, 2002

Conclusion

In many cases conclusions are the most difficult part when it comes to writing essays or research papers. While the reader may browse through the paper he/she does not obviously remember the writing points; however he/she pays special attention when it comes to the conclusion. Since the conclusion is the last part the reader perceives it is extremely important in making the entire effect the writing produce. In practice there are several basic tasks that should be reached by the conclusion. It can: Emphasize the significance of the thesis statement; Analyze and synthesize the main idea or each point; Deduce on the topic; Estimate the used material; Give vision of the future developments which may which may happen with the topic issue; Make recommendations; Provide the final impression on the reader. While summarizing the points mentioned in the paper it is important not to repeat the discussed material. The best way to complete the essay is to analyze and synthesize. The reader should sharply comprehend the importance, usefulness and necessity of the paper. An appropriate conclusion guarantees new ideas for the reader to think about and brings the feeling of satisfaction with complete information (look at this one).

Portrayal Of Female Sexuality By Bram Stoker s Dracula Essay

In a particular addition of Bram Stoker’s novel Dracula, Maurice Hindle had suggested that â€Å"sex was the monster Stoker feared most.† This essay will examine the examples of this statement in the Dracula text, focusing on female sexuality. The essay will also briefly look at an article Stoker had written after Dracula which also displays Stoker’s fear. Dracula is a novel that indulges its male reader’s imagination, predominantly on the topic of female sexuality. When Dracula was first published, Victorian women’s sexual behaviour was extremely restricted by social expectations. To be classed as respectable, a women was either a virgin or a wife. If she was not either, she was considered a whore. We begin to understand once Dracula arrives in Whitby, that the novel has an underlying battle between good and evil, which will hinge on female sexuality. Both Lucy Westenra and Wilhelmina â€Å"Mina† Murray embody two-dimensional virtues that have been associated with female. They are both virgins, whom are innocent from the evils of the world and that are devoted to their men. Dracula’s arrival threatens those virtues, threatening to turn Lucy and Mina into the opposites, noted for their voluptuousness, which could lead to an open sexual desire. Dracula succeeds in doing so with Lucy. After Lucy herself becomes a vampire, she requests a kiss from Arthur Holmwood, her fiancà ©e, which turns voluptuous – a word Stoker continually uses throughout. Here Stoker presents the female charactersShow MoreRelatedPortrayal Of Female Sexuality By Bram Stoker s Dracula1598 Words   |  7 PagesBram Stoker’s 1897 Dracula is a novel that condemns liberated female sexuality, presenting it as volatile and threatening to the established patriarchal order of the Victorian Era. By examining the varying level of sexuality among Stoker’s female characters and their narrative outcomes, the novel’s attitude that female sexuality is hostile becomes apparent. In Castle Dracula, Harker meets three vampiric women whose monstrosity is presented as inseparable from their eroticism. Describing their fangsRead MoreBram Stoker s Dracul Victorian Men And Women1455 Words   |  6 PagesKatherine Fulmer ENGL 3023 Dr. Lawrence 1 December 2015 Bram Stoker’s Dracula: Victorian Men and Women 1. Introduction Bram Stoker’s world famous novel Dracula, blurs the lines between Victorian ideal gender roles by using strong central female characters, such as, the three vampire sisters, Lucy and Mina, to express a powerful female sexuality challenging the Victorian notion of what makes a woman. The Victorian society placed women in a bubble of sexual purity and fragileness, making men the centralRead MoreSuch a Beast: Sexuality and Humanization in Dracula1611 Words   |  7 PagesOver the course of cinematic history, many filmmakers have attempted to recreate the chilling, unprecedented world of Bram Stoker’s Dracula. Arguably very few have succeeded, for the majority of directors tend to avoid the pervasive sexuality inherent in the novel. It is a difficult task to achieve, considering the blatant imagery surrounding sex and vampirism, such as the reproduction following a vampiric encounter and the phallocentric nature of the violence committed both by and against theseRead Mor eComparing Bram Stoker’s Dracula and the 1972 Film Blacula Essay1917 Words   |  8 PagesBram Stoker’s Dracula is not only a classic story of men and monsters, but a dramatic reactionary work to the perceived threats to Victorian society in nineteenth century England. In modern times there have been many film adaptations of the novel, each developing a unique analysis or criticism of the literary text within the framework of the society and time period in which it was created. The 1972 film Blacula is one of the most culturally specific variations on the story of Dracula, and highlightsRead MoreDracula And The New Woman1992 Words   |  8 PagesDracula and the New Woman In the Victorian era, women were viewed as subordinate to men. They often had one job: reproduction. They would become housewives and cater to their husband and children’s needs. As the era progressed, so did the role of women. The once shy women were now changing into courageous and outspoken members of society. These women were open about their sexuality and embraced their intelligence. This new found independence was a turning moment in history and was given the nameRead MoreEnglish Source Doc.7581 Words   |  31 PagesTitle: Dracula: Stoker s Response to the New Woman Author(s): Carol A. Senf Publication Details: Victorian Studies 26.1 (Autumn 1982): p33-49. Source: Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Jessica Bomarito and Russel Whitaker. Vol. 156. Detroit: Gale, 2006. From Literature Resource Center. Document Type: Critical essay Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2006 Gale, COPYRIGHT 2007 Gale, Cengage Learning Full Text:   [(essay date autumn 1982) In the following essay, Senf contends that, contraryRead MoreTexts Can Be Modified or Appropriated to Suit Different Audiences or Purposes, Yet Still Remain Firmly Within the Genre. Discuss Stoker’s ‘Dracula’ and at Least One of the Films You Have Studied.1050 Words   |  5 Pageswithin the genre. Discuss Stoker’s ‘Dracula’ and at least one of the films you have studied. FW Murnau’s 1921 film Nosferatu is an appropriation of Bram Stoker’s 1897 novel Dracula. Despite it being an appropriation, explicit gothic conventions remain evident, which explore societal fears and values. These fears and values differ from Dracula, due to distinct contextual influences of different time periods. Stoker’s novel Dracula, presents the fear of female promiscuity, for which vampirism isRead MoreComparing Vampire And The Vampire Diaries1660 Words   |  7 Pagescultural phenomenon would not have happened without Dracula. Without Bram Stoker’s novel, there would be no stereotypical vampires that capture the culture’s conscious. Aside from telling a story on vampires, Dracula also explores ideals about the women of the time in which it was written, which is the Victorian Era. Throughout the Victorian period, one of the predominant concerns was the role of women and the place they fill in their society. Dracula is one of many Victorian novels that explore theRead MoreEssay on Gothic Fiction2923 Words   |  12 Pagesfiction is erotic at the root according to Punter. From your reading of Frankenstein and Dracula how far would you agree with Punters interpretation. Gothic fiction is erotic at the root according to Punter. From your reading of Frankenstein and Dracula how far would you agree with Punters interpretation. In your essay you should consider: - · The authors portrayal of eroticism and sexuality (in all its forms) through characters. - · Relevant social/cultural concerns duringRead MoreThe Angel Of The House1756 Words   |  8 PagesMina says herself before Dracula comes into her life that â€Å"[she] [has] been working very hard lately, because [she] [wants] to keep up with Jonathan’s studies [and when they] are married [she] shall be able to be useful to Jonathan† (Stoker 53). Even before Dracula’s threat becomes imminent, she works only to help Jonathan and not for herself (Mai 30). Through this analysis, it seems as Mina’s work in organising the text is permitted by a contemporary discourse, Bram Stoker nonetheless â€Å"felt the need

A Royal salute to common wealth free essay sample

When the British Empire and all of its colonies was broken up after the Second World War, the organization, the Commonwealth union, was founded. The organization consists of 54 independent member countries that are linked together by a common history and set of values, but by time the Commonwealth has been criticized for being an outdated and meaningless organization based on oppressive values. In his article â€Å"A royal salute to the Commonwealth† (2011), Peter Oborne responds the critique and gives an image of how an important and powerful role the Commonwealth will play in the future. Peter Oborne start commenting on Duke William and Duchess Kate’s first visit to Canada. Oborne followed them on their royal holiday when they visited Canada’s National War Memorial. The monument remembers the Canadian troops during the First World War and the Second World War, where they fought along with the British. Oborne perceive this visit as an affirmation of the still consisting link, which can be seen as a direct result of the Commonwealth union, between Canada and Britain. We will write a custom essay sample on A Royal salute to common wealth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After the Second World War when the British Empire broke down, the Commonwealth union was founded as an organization. The former colonies agreed to enter into a united organization with the purpose based on democracy and human rights but because of the financial crisis, these unions have been under a lot of pressure in the recent years. Oborne argues that the political leaders of Britain must realize how applicable the union is to play as an alternative and important part in politics worldwide. Osborne? s main accusations are that the leaders of Britain the past years have ignored their obligations to the Commonwealth union. According to Oborne the British leaders had their difficulties of accepting the Commonwealth because they see it as an expression of the former imperialism â€Å"For many years it has been automatic in progressive circles to sneer at the Commonwealth as a meaningless relic of our imperial past† (l. 19-20). Oborne sees this as an expression of aversion to face the country’s history. According to Oborne, the UK have ignored the relationship with the Commonwealth because the leaders have been busy acting lapdog for the U. S.  and the EU which for many years has emerged as the world’s most significant powers. â€Å"But I would argue that it is Tony Blair and Gordon Brown’s poodle-like relationship with the United States, and the former’s slavish worship of the European Union, that now looks out of date† (l. 28-29). But Oborne sees an opportunity. As a result of the economic crisis, the U. S. and the EU today is under enormous pressure, and according to Oborne these former superpowers no longer will play such a dominant role in the future. This will provide space for alternative power structures such as the Commonwealth. In trying to explain his message, Oborne builds his argumentation on words, appeals and symbols of a special kind. First of all he uses negative loaded words in order to describe the British politicians, words like â€Å"The Commonwealth never fitted into New Labour’s relentless modernising vision. Blair regarded traditional British values and identities as xenophobic, if not racist† (l. 23-25) and when he describes the Commonwealth, he uses positive words connected to freedom, strength and democracy such as â€Å"Such is the invisible strength of the Commonwealth, the association of independent countries†. Furthermore, Oborne uses rhetorical features ex. logos, which appeals to the reader’s intellect and sense of logic, when he uses true facts that supports his cause: â€Å"Consider the facts: just under two billion people, approximately one third of the world’s population, live in Commonwealth countries† (l. 31-32). Oborne also uses pathos when he mentions the crown prince couple, William and Kate, as a symbol of the Commonwealth. Using something as extremely popular in Britain as William and Kate appeals to the readers’ emotions and feelings. In this way Oborne borrows the extremely popular couple to make his point: â€Å"The crowds who have flocked to see William and Catherine are surely sensing this profound link between our two nations† (ll. 10-11). It is clearly that the purpose of Oborne’s article is to criticize the British leaders. He criticizes them for their ignorance of the Commonwealth and he wants the readers to realize how great the union could play on the worldwide political stage. Oborne argues that the Commonwealth will come to play a major worldwide political role in future, but can the union do anything against the great powers such as China and the U. S? I highly doubt so. And does it actually even matter if the royal crown prince people makes an official visit to one of the Commonwealth country? What if they just visited Canada for pure pleasure? Either way the Royals should not interfere in politics at all, that is not their purpose. But who knows what will happen if the U. S and the EU looses their role as dominating factors of power after the financial crisis. The World’s power structures would turn upside down and we would have to face the future with new, powerful countries like India and China. At this highly hypothetical moment, the Commonwealth Union might come at handy after all.