poverty and the failure of macro economic policies Free Essays

With the expanding propensities of need and combined with the disappointment of large scale monetary approaches in providing acknowledgment administrations to the hapless, miniaturized scale financing is logically being upheld as a substitute organizations of acknowledgment bringing to the hapless. Microfinance has a little bit at a time created to be an overall movement, done being a competent issue of microfinance practicians completely, Governments, providers, advancement departments, Bankss, establishments, partnerships, concern networks, common social orders, research laborers, colleges, consultants, altruists and others are taking expanding inclusion in it ( Latifee, 2006 ) . Microfinance is a general term that alludes to the stipulation of financial administrations for the hapless who customarily have been barred from the conventional Banking framework. We will compose a custom paper test on destitution and the disappointment of full scale financial strategies or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Microfinance is hailed as an apparatus for poverty help since course to financial administrations help the hapless families in run intoing their fundamental monetary requests, secures against perils and create cultural and financial approval. Despite these potencies of microfinance towards aiding the hapless, different surveies somewhere else have indicated that microfinance does non ease need as guaranteed by some surveies. In Nigeria, as most other creating states microfinance stipulation is both attempted by formal and casual understandings. Between 1977-1999 the Nigerian specialists have started and actualized no less than 5 microfinance plans in the signifier of microcredit to help the hapless as a way of easing destitution. Be that as it may, with the intense abatement of specialists grant to them, they all stopped to run as every one of them relied predominantly upon Government support. ( Mohammed A ; Hassan, 2008 ) . Sing the disappointment of the so top-down assault, the Government in 2005 thought of another microfinance strategy under the administering of the Central Bank of Nigeria. The execution of this new arrangement prompted the dynamic commitment of the private area runing close by with the bing government-possessed microfinance foundations in providing monetary administrations to the financially dynamic hapless. 1.1 Statement of employment Bing a creating state and the most thickly settled state in Sub-Sahara Africa, Nigeria fitting to 2006 nose check figures has a populace of 150 million individuals. Accessible statics shows that out of the 150 million Nigerians, 70 million individuals are populating beneath need line ( World Bank, 2009 ) . Further, the most elevated destitution pace of 72 % is recorded in the Northern part of the state contrasted with 43 % recorded in the southern segment of the state ( Kpakol, 2009 ) . This is an indicant that the frequency of destitution is progressively exceptional in the Northern part of Nigeria. With an end goal to go to the activity of need, Government had between1977-1999 started and executed no less than 5 neediness alleviation plans in the signifier of microcredit stipulation to help the financially dynamic hapless as a way of mitigating need. In any case, with the exceptional decline of specialists aid to them, they all stopped to run as every one of them relied predominantly upon Government support ( Mohammed and Hasan, 2008 ) . Sing the significance and expanded protagonism of microcredit as an organization of assuaging destitution, the Government in 2005 thought of another microfinance strategy under the overseeing of Central Bank of Nigeria. Under the new approach, specialists and private people are conceded permit to open and run microfinance foundations. This improvement prompted the outgrowth starting today, in excess of 900 enlisted microfinance foundations runing in the state which until now been totally a specialists matter. Accessible insights demonstrates that the proper microfinance foundations only help short of what one million customers in a state where more than 50 % of the state ‘s populace of 150 million unrecorded underneath poverty line ( Felix and Adamu, 2007 ) . In add-on, the formal monetary framework offers types of assistance to around 35 % of the monetarily dynamic individuals, while the remaining 65 % do non hold dish to financial administrations ( CBN, 2007 ) . In independent surveies about microfinance in Nigeria using various arrangements of factors, shows that commitment in microfinance all around improves the existence states of its members which continually outcomes in alleviating destitution ( see for representation, Irobi N C,2008 ; Felix A ; Adamu, 2007 ; Mohammed A ; Hasan, 2008 ; S B Williams et Al, 2007 ) . Of contribution to watch all things considered, the greater part of accessible writing on microcredit in Nigeria concentrated on the effect examination of microcredit towards need help and all the more altogether, the surveies were completed in southern pieces of the state. Be that as it may, little or nil is thought about the situation of microcredit in the northern pieces of the state which insights have appeared to hold higher predominance of need. The plan of this review consequently, was to comprehend the perceptual experience of chosen networks in Northern Nigeria towards microcredit and how it has contributed towards exhilarating the populating measure of customers 1.2 Significance of the overview Thinking about the formative difficulties acted like a result of destitution curiously in creating states, the centrality of the review can non be over-underscored. The factors engaged with the overview viz. ; microfinance and poverty alleviation are of import issues environing cutting edge advancement circles. Most surveies led on the practicality and effectivity of microcredit towards poverty alleviation uncovers that microcredit enormously upgrades the existence states of the hapless. In position of the prior, it is normal that the suggestions offered at the terminal of the review, will travel a long way in providing educated guidance and strategy supposition on ways and organizations of sprouting echt microfinance exercises especially in nations where destitution is as yet overarching. Correspondingly, the discoveries of the study will extraordinarily loan to the bing writing for utilization in scholarly and strategy issues. 1.3 Research Questions The examination requests are ; What is the general perceptual experience of these chosen networks towards microcredit? In what ways does microcredit eases destitution among donees of microcredit? 1.4 Purpose of the overview The overview tries to comprehend the general perceptual experience of some chosen networks in northern Nigeria towards microfinance. In making along these lines, the study will other than discover the practicality and effectivity of microcredit as a plan for poverty help. In spite of prior surveies on same issue that mostly centered around formal microcredit foundations and the effect of advances particularly to grown-up females, this overview will dissect the capacity of the casual area that is accepted to gracefully monetary administrations to more than 60 % of the monetarily dynamic hapless with a situation to understanding whether the casual microcredit can each piece loan towards calming poverty as is gotten in the conventional division. Moreover, the overview other than looks to comprehend the manners by which the microcredit helps in inspiring the existence states of the hapless. 1.5 Restrictions of the overview This overview explored the exploration work dependent on the pertinence and additionally effectivity of microcredit in chose networks in Northern Nigeria. Because of monetary and clasp limitations, the overview was constrained to only two networks where two network pioneers were chosen as tests of the review. Thus, the Chief Executive official of Yerwa microfinance Limited was other than utilized, and two ( 2 ) donees of advances from the said Bank other than fill in as tests of the study. Something else, the example would hold been a lot bigger than this. One other thing to see as limitation in this study is the powerlessness of the examination specialist to be in the field for the conduct of meeting. Accordingly, an exploration partner needed to carry on the top to bottom meeting with the respondents dependent on the meeting usher sent to him, aside from the CEO of Yerwa microfinance Bank who allowed meeting to the examination laborer straight through SKYPE. Section TWO Writing REVIEW 2.1 The build of microfinance As referenced before, the disappointment of the traditional financial framework to gracefully acknowledgment administrations to the hapless prompted the outgrowth of microfinance foundations as a substitute start of acknowledgment carrying to flexibly little advances to the hapless without insurance. Microfinance consequently, is a way of financing to hapless for their anxiety, to assuage their poverty, approving them and giving cultural advantages on manageable way. Because of microfinance exercises, numerous prospects have risen including enlarging markets, cut bringing down poverty and encouraging cultural adjustment ( Agion A ; Morduch, 2005 ) . Microfinance Bankss are foundations that are built up to flexibly financial administrations to the dynamic hapless. They can be non-legislative associations ( NGOs ) , retirement funds and credit communities, acknowledgment fraternities, specialists Bankss, business Bankss or non-bank financial foundations ( Ledgerwood, 1999 ) . One of import feature of microfinance to watch is its similar accomplishment in deliberately making out to the hapless life in various financial condition. It has been contended by the by, that the accomplishments of microfinance intervention recorded at times can non be summed up contemplating the heterogenous idea of social orders inside which a microfinance foundation works. Many exploration laborers had led the effect appraisal surveies on microfinance plans. A portion of the exploration laborers have finished up the positive effect of the microfinance on the financial improvement ( Tripathy, 2006, Sundarapandian, 2006 ; Pandin, and Eswaran, 2002 ) in India and over

Behaviour in Groups essays

Conduct in Groups expositions The Psychological meaning of a gathering is separated into 7 classifications: 1. Association a gathering is an assortment of people who are interfacing with each other. 2. View of having a place a gathering comprises of at least 2 people who see themselves to have a place with a gathering. 3. Relationship bunch individuals are associated. 4. Shared objectives a gathering is an assortment of people who consolidate to accomplish an objective. 5. Needs fulfillment people who have a place with a gathering are attempting to fulfill some need through gathering participation. 6. Jobs and standards individuals from a gathering structure their cooperations by methods for jobs and standards. Jobs comprise of sets of commitments and desires. Standards suggest built up methods of carrying on that is, consistency among individuals in the manners in which they act. 7. Impact a gathering is an assortment of people who impact one another. The investigation of people in gatherings and gathering conduct has been a center of social brain science since its origin in the mid 1900s. One of the main tests in social brain science was by Triplett in 1898, thinking about the impacts of the nearness of others on execution. The creators look at this wonder just as gathering correspondence, task execution in gatherings, for example, critical thinking and dynamic, and administration qualities and styles. The meaning of gathering that is utilized in most research is individuals who are related and have potential for shared association, impacting each other here and there. Gatherings are characterized by four explicit measurements: size, objectives, span and extent of exercises performed. While gatherings can be an element of a wide scope of these components, exploratory gatherings that are dissected in research center settings are normally little, fleeting and tight in center, constraining the generalizability of such discoveries. Gatherings in certifiable settings must be dissected as w... <!

Why Job Hopping Can Boost Your Career

Why Job Hopping Can Boost Your Career More youthful workers and Millennials (holler to everybody with the Snake People plug in!) so frequently hear that â€Å"this isn’t their parents’ work market† and other terrifying underemployment measurements. In any case, here’s someâ good news! It might really be a savvy profession choice to fluctuateâ in your work history. Here are someâ compelling motivations to have a unique reputation rather than a mono-work history. Focus on 4 years max a one spot, and afterward begin searching for your next opportunity. Rapidly Evolving Skill SetsIf you’re changing employments at regular intervals, you’re growing and sprucing up your range of abilities, learning new things, and similarly as significant, gaining resume-commendable proof of your developing occupation duties. This is additionally uplifting news for work searchers, in light of the fact that a vocation you wouldn’t have equipped for a couple of years prior may have moved and p atched up since its last occupant left. Technological AdvancementsSpending 4+ years in a similar activity is an extraordinary method to get settled with the in-house programming, content administration, deals methodology, and so on yet regardless of whether your organization isn’t continually receiving new innovation, your rivals may be. Regardless of whether you’re a frameworks executive or possess a progressively front-of-house job, keep steady over the mechanical alternatives in your field so that on the off chance that you switch to another lane, you’ll have the option to keep up. PerceptionDating analogies amidst work conversations by and large drag me out, yet for this situation I think it’s a quite decent examination. In the event that you meet somebody as of late out of a 14-year relationship, are you pretty much liable to go on another date with them than the individual you meet the following night who’s had a progression of stable yet shorter-term relationships?Put yourself in an employing manager’s shoes-somebody with 3 occupations in 10â years can seem to be simpler to prepare, progressively versatile, and more motivated. Career AdvancementWhen you remain in one spot for an extensive stretch of time, if you’re behind somebody hands on stepping stool, there’s constantly a possibility you won’t get the chance to climb until they go up or proceed onward. In any case, if you’re making goal-oriented moves and growing your points of view as you change occupations, you can develop more rapidly than you would have done by staying put.As consistently, be mindful pretty much all expert life decisions give every choice time, impart genuinely and in a convenient way with your bosses, and cause your best exertion not to cut off any ties. You don’t need to seem to be unfocused or reckless, and you surely don’t need to leave a series of businesses who think you’re a flight chance!

Who was Philip Johnson The First Pritzker Laureate

Philip Johnson was a museum director, writer, and, most notably, an architect known for his unconventional designs. His work embraced many influences, from the neoclassicism of Karl Friedrich Schinkel and to the modernism of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Background Born: July 8, 1906, in Cleveland, Ohio Died: January 25, 2005 Full Name: Philip Cortelyou Johnson Education: 1930: Architectural History, Harvard University1943: Architecture, Harvard University Selected Projects 1949: Glass House, New Canaan, CT1958: Seagram Building (with Mies van der Rohe), New York1962: Kline Science Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT1963: Sheldon Museum of Art, University of Nebraska-Lincoln campus1964: NY State Theater, Lincoln Center, New York1970: JFK Memorial, Dallas, Texas1972: Boston Public Library addition1975: Pennzoil Place, Houston, Texas1980: Crystal Cathedral, Garden Grove, CA1984: ATT Headquarters, New York City1984: Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, Pittsburgh, PA1984: Transco Tower, Houston, TX1986: 53rd at Third (Lipstick Building), New York City1996: Town Hall, Celebration, Florida Important Ideas International StylePostmodernismNeoclassicism Quotes, In the Words of Philip Johnson Create beautiful things. Thats all.Architecture is surely not the design of space, certainly not the massing or organizing of volumes. These are auxiliary to the main point, which is the organization of procession. Architecture exists only in time.Architecture is the art of how to waste space.All architecture is shelter, all great architecture is the design of space that contains, cuddles, exalts, or stimulates the person in that space.Why reinvent the spoon?The only test for architecture is to build a building, go inside and let it wrap itself around you. Related People Le CorbusierWalter GropiusRichard NeutraLudwig Mies van der Rohe More About Philip Johnson After graduation from Harvard in 1930, Philip Johnson became the first Director of the Department of Architecture at the Museum of Modern Art, New York (1932-1934 and 1945-1954). He coined the term International Style and introduced the work of modern European architects such as Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier to America. He would later collaborate with Mies van der Rohe on what is considered the most superb skyscraper in North America, the Seagram Building in New York City (1958). Johnson returned to Harvard University in 1940 to study architecture under Marcel Breuer. For his masters degree thesis, he designed a residence for himself, the now famous Glass House (1949), which has been called one of the worlds most beautiful and yet least functional homes. Philip Johnsons buildings were luxurious in scale and materials, featuring expansive interior space and a classical sense of symmetry and elegance. These same traits epitomized corporate Americas dominant role in world markets in prominent skyscrapers for such leading companies as ATT (1984), Pennzoil (1976) and Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company (1984). In 1979, Philip Johnson was honored with the first Pritzker Architecture Prize in recognition of 50 years of imagination and vitality embodied in a myriad of museums, theaters, libraries, houses, gardens and corporate structures. Learn More Philip Johnsons Contributions To Architecture, commentary by 13 famous architects, New York magazineAcceptance Speech, 1979 Pritzker Architecture Prize, The Hyatt FoundationThe Philip Johnson Tapes: Interviews by Robert A. M. Stern, Monacelli Press, 2008The Architecture of Philip Johnson, 2002

Conclusion

In many cases conclusions are the most difficult part when it comes to writing essays or research papers. While the reader may browse through the paper he/she does not obviously remember the writing points; however he/she pays special attention when it comes to the conclusion. Since the conclusion is the last part the reader perceives it is extremely important in making the entire effect the writing produce. In practice there are several basic tasks that should be reached by the conclusion. It can: Emphasize the significance of the thesis statement; Analyze and synthesize the main idea or each point; Deduce on the topic; Estimate the used material; Give vision of the future developments which may which may happen with the topic issue; Make recommendations; Provide the final impression on the reader. While summarizing the points mentioned in the paper it is important not to repeat the discussed material. The best way to complete the essay is to analyze and synthesize. The reader should sharply comprehend the importance, usefulness and necessity of the paper. An appropriate conclusion guarantees new ideas for the reader to think about and brings the feeling of satisfaction with complete information (look at this one).

Portrayal Of Female Sexuality By Bram Stoker s Dracula Essay

In a particular addition of Bram Stoker’s novel Dracula, Maurice Hindle had suggested that â€Å"sex was the monster Stoker feared most.† This essay will examine the examples of this statement in the Dracula text, focusing on female sexuality. The essay will also briefly look at an article Stoker had written after Dracula which also displays Stoker’s fear. Dracula is a novel that indulges its male reader’s imagination, predominantly on the topic of female sexuality. When Dracula was first published, Victorian women’s sexual behaviour was extremely restricted by social expectations. To be classed as respectable, a women was either a virgin or a wife. If she was not either, she was considered a whore. We begin to understand once Dracula arrives in Whitby, that the novel has an underlying battle between good and evil, which will hinge on female sexuality. Both Lucy Westenra and Wilhelmina â€Å"Mina† Murray embody two-dimensional virtues that have been associated with female. They are both virgins, whom are innocent from the evils of the world and that are devoted to their men. Dracula’s arrival threatens those virtues, threatening to turn Lucy and Mina into the opposites, noted for their voluptuousness, which could lead to an open sexual desire. Dracula succeeds in doing so with Lucy. After Lucy herself becomes a vampire, she requests a kiss from Arthur Holmwood, her fiancà ©e, which turns voluptuous – a word Stoker continually uses throughout. Here Stoker presents the female charactersShow MoreRelatedPortrayal Of Female Sexuality By Bram Stoker s Dracula1598 Words   |  7 PagesBram Stoker’s 1897 Dracula is a novel that condemns liberated female sexuality, presenting it as volatile and threatening to the established patriarchal order of the Victorian Era. By examining the varying level of sexuality among Stoker’s female characters and their narrative outcomes, the novel’s attitude that female sexuality is hostile becomes apparent. In Castle Dracula, Harker meets three vampiric women whose monstrosity is presented as inseparable from their eroticism. Describing their fangsRead MoreBram Stoker s Dracul Victorian Men And Women1455 Words   |  6 PagesKatherine Fulmer ENGL 3023 Dr. Lawrence 1 December 2015 Bram Stoker’s Dracula: Victorian Men and Women 1. Introduction Bram Stoker’s world famous novel Dracula, blurs the lines between Victorian ideal gender roles by using strong central female characters, such as, the three vampire sisters, Lucy and Mina, to express a powerful female sexuality challenging the Victorian notion of what makes a woman. The Victorian society placed women in a bubble of sexual purity and fragileness, making men the centralRead MoreSuch a Beast: Sexuality and Humanization in Dracula1611 Words   |  7 PagesOver the course of cinematic history, many filmmakers have attempted to recreate the chilling, unprecedented world of Bram Stoker’s Dracula. Arguably very few have succeeded, for the majority of directors tend to avoid the pervasive sexuality inherent in the novel. It is a difficult task to achieve, considering the blatant imagery surrounding sex and vampirism, such as the reproduction following a vampiric encounter and the phallocentric nature of the violence committed both by and against theseRead Mor eComparing Bram Stoker’s Dracula and the 1972 Film Blacula Essay1917 Words   |  8 PagesBram Stoker’s Dracula is not only a classic story of men and monsters, but a dramatic reactionary work to the perceived threats to Victorian society in nineteenth century England. In modern times there have been many film adaptations of the novel, each developing a unique analysis or criticism of the literary text within the framework of the society and time period in which it was created. The 1972 film Blacula is one of the most culturally specific variations on the story of Dracula, and highlightsRead MoreDracula And The New Woman1992 Words   |  8 PagesDracula and the New Woman In the Victorian era, women were viewed as subordinate to men. They often had one job: reproduction. They would become housewives and cater to their husband and children’s needs. As the era progressed, so did the role of women. The once shy women were now changing into courageous and outspoken members of society. These women were open about their sexuality and embraced their intelligence. This new found independence was a turning moment in history and was given the nameRead MoreEnglish Source Doc.7581 Words   |  31 PagesTitle: Dracula: Stoker s Response to the New Woman Author(s): Carol A. Senf Publication Details: Victorian Studies 26.1 (Autumn 1982): p33-49. Source: Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Jessica Bomarito and Russel Whitaker. Vol. 156. Detroit: Gale, 2006. From Literature Resource Center. Document Type: Critical essay Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2006 Gale, COPYRIGHT 2007 Gale, Cengage Learning Full Text:   [(essay date autumn 1982) In the following essay, Senf contends that, contraryRead MoreTexts Can Be Modified or Appropriated to Suit Different Audiences or Purposes, Yet Still Remain Firmly Within the Genre. Discuss Stoker’s ‘Dracula’ and at Least One of the Films You Have Studied.1050 Words   |  5 Pageswithin the genre. Discuss Stoker’s ‘Dracula’ and at least one of the films you have studied. FW Murnau’s 1921 film Nosferatu is an appropriation of Bram Stoker’s 1897 novel Dracula. Despite it being an appropriation, explicit gothic conventions remain evident, which explore societal fears and values. These fears and values differ from Dracula, due to distinct contextual influences of different time periods. Stoker’s novel Dracula, presents the fear of female promiscuity, for which vampirism isRead MoreComparing Vampire And The Vampire Diaries1660 Words   |  7 Pagescultural phenomenon would not have happened without Dracula. Without Bram Stoker’s novel, there would be no stereotypical vampires that capture the culture’s conscious. Aside from telling a story on vampires, Dracula also explores ideals about the women of the time in which it was written, which is the Victorian Era. Throughout the Victorian period, one of the predominant concerns was the role of women and the place they fill in their society. Dracula is one of many Victorian novels that explore theRead MoreEssay on Gothic Fiction2923 Words   |  12 Pagesfiction is erotic at the root according to Punter. From your reading of Frankenstein and Dracula how far would you agree with Punters interpretation. Gothic fiction is erotic at the root according to Punter. From your reading of Frankenstein and Dracula how far would you agree with Punters interpretation. In your essay you should consider: - · The authors portrayal of eroticism and sexuality (in all its forms) through characters. - · Relevant social/cultural concerns duringRead MoreThe Angel Of The House1756 Words   |  8 PagesMina says herself before Dracula comes into her life that â€Å"[she] [has] been working very hard lately, because [she] [wants] to keep up with Jonathan’s studies [and when they] are married [she] shall be able to be useful to Jonathan† (Stoker 53). Even before Dracula’s threat becomes imminent, she works only to help Jonathan and not for herself (Mai 30). Through this analysis, it seems as Mina’s work in organising the text is permitted by a contemporary discourse, Bram Stoker nonetheless â€Å"felt the need

A Royal salute to common wealth free essay sample

When the British Empire and all of its colonies was broken up after the Second World War, the organization, the Commonwealth union, was founded. The organization consists of 54 independent member countries that are linked together by a common history and set of values, but by time the Commonwealth has been criticized for being an outdated and meaningless organization based on oppressive values. In his article â€Å"A royal salute to the Commonwealth† (2011), Peter Oborne responds the critique and gives an image of how an important and powerful role the Commonwealth will play in the future. Peter Oborne start commenting on Duke William and Duchess Kate’s first visit to Canada. Oborne followed them on their royal holiday when they visited Canada’s National War Memorial. The monument remembers the Canadian troops during the First World War and the Second World War, where they fought along with the British. Oborne perceive this visit as an affirmation of the still consisting link, which can be seen as a direct result of the Commonwealth union, between Canada and Britain. We will write a custom essay sample on A Royal salute to common wealth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After the Second World War when the British Empire broke down, the Commonwealth union was founded as an organization. The former colonies agreed to enter into a united organization with the purpose based on democracy and human rights but because of the financial crisis, these unions have been under a lot of pressure in the recent years. Oborne argues that the political leaders of Britain must realize how applicable the union is to play as an alternative and important part in politics worldwide. Osborne? s main accusations are that the leaders of Britain the past years have ignored their obligations to the Commonwealth union. According to Oborne the British leaders had their difficulties of accepting the Commonwealth because they see it as an expression of the former imperialism â€Å"For many years it has been automatic in progressive circles to sneer at the Commonwealth as a meaningless relic of our imperial past† (l. 19-20). Oborne sees this as an expression of aversion to face the country’s history. According to Oborne, the UK have ignored the relationship with the Commonwealth because the leaders have been busy acting lapdog for the U. S.  and the EU which for many years has emerged as the world’s most significant powers. â€Å"But I would argue that it is Tony Blair and Gordon Brown’s poodle-like relationship with the United States, and the former’s slavish worship of the European Union, that now looks out of date† (l. 28-29). But Oborne sees an opportunity. As a result of the economic crisis, the U. S. and the EU today is under enormous pressure, and according to Oborne these former superpowers no longer will play such a dominant role in the future. This will provide space for alternative power structures such as the Commonwealth. In trying to explain his message, Oborne builds his argumentation on words, appeals and symbols of a special kind. First of all he uses negative loaded words in order to describe the British politicians, words like â€Å"The Commonwealth never fitted into New Labour’s relentless modernising vision. Blair regarded traditional British values and identities as xenophobic, if not racist† (l. 23-25) and when he describes the Commonwealth, he uses positive words connected to freedom, strength and democracy such as â€Å"Such is the invisible strength of the Commonwealth, the association of independent countries†. Furthermore, Oborne uses rhetorical features ex. logos, which appeals to the reader’s intellect and sense of logic, when he uses true facts that supports his cause: â€Å"Consider the facts: just under two billion people, approximately one third of the world’s population, live in Commonwealth countries† (l. 31-32). Oborne also uses pathos when he mentions the crown prince couple, William and Kate, as a symbol of the Commonwealth. Using something as extremely popular in Britain as William and Kate appeals to the readers’ emotions and feelings. In this way Oborne borrows the extremely popular couple to make his point: â€Å"The crowds who have flocked to see William and Catherine are surely sensing this profound link between our two nations† (ll. 10-11). It is clearly that the purpose of Oborne’s article is to criticize the British leaders. He criticizes them for their ignorance of the Commonwealth and he wants the readers to realize how great the union could play on the worldwide political stage. Oborne argues that the Commonwealth will come to play a major worldwide political role in future, but can the union do anything against the great powers such as China and the U. S? I highly doubt so. And does it actually even matter if the royal crown prince people makes an official visit to one of the Commonwealth country? What if they just visited Canada for pure pleasure? Either way the Royals should not interfere in politics at all, that is not their purpose. But who knows what will happen if the U. S and the EU looses their role as dominating factors of power after the financial crisis. The World’s power structures would turn upside down and we would have to face the future with new, powerful countries like India and China. At this highly hypothetical moment, the Commonwealth Union might come at handy after all.